No IAS, no UPSC: How America's bureaucracy works without a permanent elite cadre
India’s IAS-led bureaucracy is often compared with the United States, where no UPSC-style examination or IAS equivalent exists. Instead, a new US President can appoint roughly 4,000 political officials, while leadership positions listed in the government’s Plum Book number around 8,000–9,000. However, administrative continuity is maintained by a permanent federal workforce of more than 20…